Which of the following are common signs of respiratory distress?

Common signs of respiratory distress are crucial indicators that a patient may be experiencing difficulties with breathing, which can lead to inadequate oxygenation and potentially severe complications. The correct answer includes increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, and altered mental status—each of which directly relates to the body's response to insufficient oxygen or impaired ventilation.

An increased respiratory rate (tachypnea) often signifies the body’s attempt to compensate for lowered oxygen levels or increased carbon dioxide. The use of accessory muscles indicates that the body is exerting additional effort to breathe, showing that normal respiratory mechanics are compromised. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin, reflects decreased oxygenation of the blood. Altered mental status can occur due to hypoxia, where inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain leads to confusion, lethargy, or decreased alertness. Together, these signs paint a picture of respiratory distress that needs immediate attention.

The other choices describe symptoms that are either unrelated or do not specifically indicate respiratory distress. For instance, fever, cough, and chills may suggest an infection such as pneumonia but do not directly indicate respiratory distress. Chest pain, bradycardia, and hypertension could suggest cardiac issues rather than breathing problems. Symptoms like nausea, vomiting,